Monitoring inequalities in sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (SRMNCAH) is an important part of efforts to promote equity. Inequality monitoring in sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health: a step-by-step manual serves as a practical introductory guide to strengthen and build capacity for quantitative inequality monitoring in SRMNCAH. Applying the five steps of health inequality monitoring to the topic of SRMNCAH, the manual outlines the processes of: (1) determining the scope of monitoring; (2) deciding upon the best available data; (3) performing data analysis; (4) reporting findings; and (5) translating knowledge into action. The technical content of the manual is primarily written and designed for those involved in national SRMNCAH monitoring and evaluation efforts, including officers and programme managers who have basic knowledge and experience working with SRMNCAH data.